Debt collection in Serbia: from reminder to enforcement

Before court

A formal demand from a lawyer often leads to payment or a settlement. At the same time the debtor’s status, bank account blockades and assets are checked in public registers to choose the most effective route.

Enforcement based on an authentic document

For commercial claims, an invoice and other authentic documents can serve as a basis for a motion for enforcement without a prior lawsuit. The enforcement order is issued by the court, and enforcement is carried out by public enforcement officers. The debtor may object, which turns the case into litigation.

Litigation before commercial courts

Disputes between companies are heard by commercial courts. Where the claim is disputed, a well-documented case and, if needed, interim measures securing the debtor’s assets are decisive.

Limitation periods

Claims arising from contracts on the sale of goods and services between businesses become time-barred after three years, while other claims may have different periods. A creditor who waits too long risks losing the claim altogether.

Insolvent debtors

If the debtor enters bankruptcy, claims must be filed with the bankruptcy court within the deadline stated in the notice. Secured creditors are paid from the collateral before others.

Legal basis: Law on Enforcement and Security; Law on Obligations; Law on Bankruptcy. Author: Attorney Slaviša Cincarević, member of the Belgrade Bar Association. Last reviewed: 29 October 2026.

This guide provides general information on Serbian law and is not legal advice for a specific case.